Aim: to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of the dynamics of changes in the parameters of left atrial deformity according to “speckle-tracking” echocardiography in patients with nonparoxysmal forms of atrial fibrillation who underwent catheter, thoracoscopic and hybrid ablation procedures in the long-term follow-up period.

Material and methods: The study included 268 patients with persistent and long-term persistent forms of AF. The patients were pseudorandomized into three study groups depending on the treatment method: 1) catheter ablation (n = 80), 2) thoracoscopic ablation (n = 126), 3) hybrid ablation (n = 62). The dynamics of changes in left atrial deformity was analyzed in all patients included in the study using “speckle-tracking” echocardiography technology before and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after ablation procedures. The primary endpoint of the study was considered to be the maintenance of a stable sinus rhythm as a result of daily monitoring of the electrocardiogram during a three-year follow-up period.

Results: In the hybrid atrial fibrillation treatment group, there was a marked improvement in the reservoir function of the left atrium during the two-year follow-up period. The rates of left atrial deformity in the conduction and contractile phases were higher in the catheter ablation group compared with isolated thoracoscopic ablation and hybrid treatment of arrhythmia. The overall effectiveness of all ablation procedures was 81.2% with an average follow-up period of 27.8 ± 12.4 months, and the best results of maintaining a stable sinus rhythm were recorded in the hybrid ablation group and amounted to 95.0%.

Conclusion: The parameters of the left atrium deformity obtained using the “speckle-tracking” echocardiography technology reflect the functional state of the atrium after both endo- and epicardial ablation procedures and can be used in the future to predict the effectiveness of the presented ablation procedures. Hybrid ablation demonstrates the best long-term results in restoring the reservoir function of the left atrium and preventing the return of atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with nonparoxysmal forms of atrial fibrillation.

Aim: An analysis of international scientific publications summarizing current data on methodological approaches to CT imaging of stomach diseases, including aspects of patient preparation, scanning techniques, and the use of contrast media, depending on the clinical situation.

Materials and methods. A search was conducted for scientific literature and clinical recommendations in the PubMed, Scopus and RSCI databases from 2019 to 2024, including quoting earlier primary sources, using the keywords: “CT gastrography" (CT gastrography), “gastric cancer" (stomach cancer), “right down decubitus" (position lying on the right side); “oral contrast", “gastrointestinal perforation", “gastrointestinal bleeding". 235 articles were analyzed, 60 of which were used to compile the review. The review includes publications reflecting various approaches to performing CT scans of the stomach in both routine and emergency medical care.

Results. The presented review demonstrated the advantages of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of stomach diseases in terms of accessibility, speed and versatility. However, there is no unified approach to patient preparation, especially regarding the choice of oral contrast agent and its volume. Insufficient certainty was noted in the indications for positive contrast. Data on increased sensitivity of MSCT in gastric cancer (differentiation of stages T4a and T4b) are presented when scanning the patient in the right­down decubitus position. Differences in intravenous contrast protocols for imaging tumors and emergency abdominal pathology are also considered.

Conclusion. The lack of standardization of gastric CT protocols is due to both the heterogeneity of clinical tasks and the lack of consensus among specialists. The individualization of the research approach, depending on the diagnostic purpose, increases its information content, reduces the risk of diagnostic errors and contributes to the provision of faster and more accurate medical care for urgent conditions.

Purpose of the study: to analyze the data of domestic and foreign literature on the use of computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) in the diagnosis of kidney diseases, including patients with benign and malignant kidney tumors. To evaluate the prospects of using this technique to determine the effectiveness of various minimally invasive interventions (cryotherapy, various types of thermoablation, arterial embolization) for the treatment of patients with renal tumors, as well as for follow-up of patients in these groups.

Material and methods. A search of scientific papers published in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, E-library using the key words “angiomyolipoma”, “kidney”, “transarterial embolization of tumors”, “CT-perfusion of the kidneys” was carried out. In the article the materials of 40 literature sources for the last 10 years, including 25 articles - for the last 5 years, devoted to the mentioned subject are considered. The authors present their own clinical cases demonstrating the CTP application usefulness to assess the therapeutic effect of renal angiomyolipomas (rAML) transarterial embolization (TAE).

Results. The conducted literature review showed that renal CTP is a noninvasive technique that allows differential diagnostics between benign tumors (low-fat rAML and oncocytoma), as well as with malignant renal neoplasms, to reveal features of different histological variants of renal cell cancer. In addition, there are works devoted to the application of CTP in the evaluation of the efficacy of minimally invasive techniques such as cryoablation, TAE (in the treatment of renal cell cancer (RCC) and rAML, respectively), as well as target therapy for RCC. According to the preliminary results of our clinical cases, the main CTP parameters allowed to detail the structure of rAML (before and after TAE), blood flow features of its microcirculatory level and to detect recurrence on the basis of progressive growth of perfusion values with simultaneous reduction of tumor volume, which demonstrates the possibilities of using CTP as an additional monitoring technic after surgical treatment.

Conclusion. Despite the availability of papers analyzing the use of CTP as a technique to assess renal tumor angiogenesis, many gaps remain in its use as a clinical potential in the evaluation of early and subsequent follow-up in the cases of renal tumors surgical treatment. To date, there is no evident and thoroughly validated imaging method for embolized tumors. There are no works on studying the possibilities of CTP in assessing the therapeutic effect of rAML embolization. The results of our own clinical cases allowed us to suggest that CTP can be used as an additional technique for monitoring rAML after surgical treatment such as TAE and detecting disease recurrence by assessing tumor neoangiogenesis.

The article presents the results of the meeting of the expert council that considered the issues of terminology used in prostate diseases radiology diagnostic. Following the discussion, recommendations were adopted. The preferred term for the organ is “prostate gland”. The term “adenoma” of the prostate gland found to be unacceptable. The term “periprostatic space” should be used to characterize the tissues surrounding the prostate gland. The term “capsule” of the prostate gland is acceptable to use to characterize the tumor spread, while the use of the term “extension” is considered not recommended. To determine the location of the changes detected in the prostate gland, it is advisable to use the zonal anatomy developed by J.E. McNeal and the sector scheme presented in the PI-RADS v2.1 recommendations. When characterizing the detected pathological structures in the gland, it is advisable to use the terms “focus” and “area”, in the presence or absence of clear boundaries, respectively. The term “node” is recommended to be used only to characterize the outlined transitory zone lesions, and the term “zone” is applicable only for the anatomical and histological zones of the prostate gland.

Purpose of the study. The objective of this study was to ascertain the potential of high-resolution ultrasound in evaluating the outcomes of photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck in the late period.

Materials and Methods. A total of 101 patients were examined in the late period (3–6–12 months) after photodynamic therapy (32 men and 69 women) with ages ranging from 40 to 93 years. All patients underwent a high-resolution ultrasound examination of the treated area using a Philips Epic 7 expert class device with a high-frequency linear matrix transducer (eL18-4) with a scanning range of 2–22 MHz and Microflow Imaging technology.

Results: The results of the study revealed that ultrasonic diagnostics can effectively evaluate the treatment's effectiveness and exclude the recurrence of the primary disease following photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck during the period of scar changes formation. The ultrasound images obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months following photodynamic therapy revealed various changes in the skin and adjacent soft tissues, depending on the extent of scar formation. These changes exhibited unique characteristics and were influenced by numerous factors.

Conclusions. Ultrasound diagnostics has been proven to be a reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective research method. It provides a means to assess the degree of reparative changes in the skin following treatment and to rule out the possibility of disease recurrence.

Pathology of the fetal cardiovascular system is the most common type of congenital malformations and is in second place among the causes of infant mortality and accounts for 47% of all causes of death from malformations.

The effectiveness and result of cardiac surgery largely depend on the earliest diagnosis of heart disease, on the readiness of medical staff to provide medical care to a newborn with CHD and on the ability to arrange timely transportation of a newborn to a cardiac surgery center as soon as possible.

Fetal heart assessment is a difficult task, mainly due to the small size of the heart, involuntary fetal movements, and lack of experience in fetal echocardiography by some ultrasound specialists

The objective of our study is to create a medical decision support system by forming an algorithm for examining the fetal heart using AI. The result of which should be one of the medical opinion options: “normal” – correct heart structure – no congenital heart disease; “not normal” – abnormal heart structure – the presence of congenital heart disease cannot be ruled out, extended fetal echocardiography is recommended as soon as possible.

One of the tasks of our work was: the formation of an algorithm for examining the fetal heart using AI, the result of which should be one of the options for a medical conclusion: “norm” – correct heart structure – there is no CHD; “not norm” – incorrect heart structure – the presence of CHD cannot be excluded, extended fetal echocardiography is recommended as soon as possible.

Research methodology: The study was conducted at the gestation period of 18–21 weeks. Each study per patient contained video files of five standard projections of the heart. Each slice is represented by at least 25 frames. Verification was performed by confirming/changing the diagnosis by an expert doctor, as well as confirming the diagnosis after birth.

As a result of the work, the task of determining the zones of the chest and heart of the fetus was solved with an accuracy of 98%; the task of classifying the slice of the heart on the frame was solved with an accuracy of 82%, the task of determining pathology on the slices of the heart was solved with an accuracy of 77%.

Conclusions: The results showed that the artificial intelligence algorithm can improve the accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis of the fetal heart and has good applied value. It is expected that artificial intelligence methods will contribute to the standardization and optimization of fetal echocardiography, increase the percentage of prenatal diagnosis of CHD, and thereby lead to a decrease in infant mortality and childhood disability.

Artificial intelligence and clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are being actively implemented in healthcare. Radiology is at the forefront of the use of such technologies. In this article, we describe a method for evaluating the performance of CDSS, including software based on artificial intelligence technologies (AI-based software), which is suitable for any medical organization that needs to assess the applicability of such software.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the use of a web-based ROC analysis tool for evaluating the performance of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) using digital mammography images as an example.

Materials and methods: A retrospective dataset of mammography studies was used, based on the results of the calibration test report during the version change of one of the AI service participating in the Experiment on the use of innovative computer vision technologies for medical image analysis and subsequent applicability in the healthcare system of Moscow, with versions of the AI service dated 15.02.2023 and 30.05.2023. The sample size consisted of 100 trials. In this publication, ROC analysis implemented using a web-based tool will be used to evaluate the results of the AI service.

Results: The functionality of a web-based tool for ROC analysis was demonstrated using the example of evaluating the performance of AI-based software for processing digital mammography images.

Conclusion: By using the presented web-based ROC analysis tool, the verification of СDSS, including AI-based software, as well as the assessment of its performance, can be performed without the need for additional tools if necessary.

Objective: To analyze the results of a study on the effectiveness of radiomic analysis in the interpretation of radiation images in clarifying the diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Materials and Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, eLibrary, and Scopus databases, as well as in NCCN, ESUR, and ACR resources.

Results. When selecting medical articles, a total of 289 unique publications were identified, 218 of which met the exclusion criteria. The final review included 71 articles. The average accuracy characteristics of the models were estimated based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC), including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and C-index.

Conclusion. The main key aspects and advantages of the use of radiomics and textural image analysis in the diagnosis of cervical cancer are considered. The introduction of radiomic analysis has led to a renewed perception of medical image analysis. The results of a number of studies demonstrate that the data extracted using radiomic analysis have significant diagnostic and prognostic value, allowing an objective assessment of tumor characteristics, its stage and prevalence, and differential diagnosis of neoplasms.

The article presents the results of an assessment of the relationship between metabolic parameters – tumor volume and the level of fluorodeoxyglucose absorption and the duration of progression-free survival in patients with 3 points on the PET scale. The purpose of the work is to find the relationships between the values and the duration of the period of PFS. In the course of the work, the average values of FDG absorption and tumor volume in patients with different periods of PFS were measured and compared. It was revealed that patients with a PFS period of more than 24 months have statistically significant differences in these parameters. These results can be interpreted as an additional factor in the course and prognosis of the disease in patients with lymphomas after treatment and a score of 3 points on the PET scale.