Aim: An analysis of international scientific publications summarizing current data on methodological approaches to CT imaging of stomach diseases, including aspects of patient preparation, scanning techniques, and the use of contrast media, depending on the clinical situation.

Materials and methods. A search was conducted for scientific literature and clinical recommendations in the PubMed, Scopus and RSCI databases from 2019 to 2024, including quoting earlier primary sources, using the keywords: “CT gastrography" (CT gastrography), “gastric cancer" (stomach cancer), “right down decubitus" (position lying on the right side); “oral contrast", “gastrointestinal perforation", “gastrointestinal bleeding". 235 articles were analyzed, 60 of which were used to compile the review. The review includes publications reflecting various approaches to performing CT scans of the stomach in both routine and emergency medical care.

Results. The presented review demonstrated the advantages of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of stomach diseases in terms of accessibility, speed and versatility. However, there is no unified approach to patient preparation, especially regarding the choice of oral contrast agent and its volume. Insufficient certainty was noted in the indications for positive contrast. Data on increased sensitivity of MSCT in gastric cancer (differentiation of stages T4a and T4b) are presented when scanning the patient in the right­down decubitus position. Differences in intravenous contrast protocols for imaging tumors and emergency abdominal pathology are also considered.

Conclusion. The lack of standardization of gastric CT protocols is due to both the heterogeneity of clinical tasks and the lack of consensus among specialists. The individualization of the research approach, depending on the diagnostic purpose, increases its information content, reduces the risk of diagnostic errors and contributes to the provision of faster and more accurate medical care for urgent conditions.

The aim: To analyze and compare the structure, size, and semiotic features of secondary tumors of the ovary (STO) in different primary malignant neoplasms using magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and methods. The study included 27 women with various primary malignancies who had secondary (metastatic) ovarian lesion (OVA). The study did not include patients with primary ovarian cancer or benign ovarian tumors. The MRI protocol of the pelvic organs corresponded to the recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology from 2020 (European Society of Urogenital Radiology, ESUR). The statistical indicators were calculated in a computer program for statistical data processing IBM SPSS Statistics 23.

Results. A total of 44 metastatic ovarian tumors (MOT, second ovarian tumors- SOT) were detected in 27 patients. In the analysis of patients with SOT, unilateral ovarian lesion was detected in 10/27 cases (37%); bilateral ovarian lesion was detected in 17/27 cases (63%). At the same time, with a unilateral lesion, a predominant (7/10, 70%) lesion of the left ovary was noted. There were no statistically significant differences in the sign of a single or bilateral lesion in the analyzed groups of SOT (p-value = 0.115). In the SOT subgroups, it was found that the volume of metastatically altered ovaries in gastric (GC), colon (CC) and endometrial (EC) cancers was significantly higher than in breast cancer (BC) and cervical cancer (p < 0.05). At the same time, the largest volume of metastatically altered ovaries is observed in colon cancer (PK) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. The study analyzed the volumes and structure of the ovaries in patients with secondary tumors of the ovary in various primary nosologies (stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer). The article describes in detail the semiotic MR characteristics, analyzes the sizes of STO in different subgroups, provides illustrative clinical examples, which will improve the diagnosis of ovarian pathologies and which will allow timely initiation of treatment of the underlying disease. 

Purpose of the study. The objective of this study was to ascertain the potential of high-resolution ultrasound in evaluating the outcomes of photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck in the late period.

Materials and Methods. A total of 101 patients were examined in the late period (3–6–12 months) after photodynamic therapy (32 men and 69 women) with ages ranging from 40 to 93 years. All patients underwent a high-resolution ultrasound examination of the treated area using a Philips Epic 7 expert class device with a high-frequency linear matrix transducer (eL18-4) with a scanning range of 2–22 MHz and Microflow Imaging technology.

Results: The results of the study revealed that ultrasonic diagnostics can effectively evaluate the treatment's effectiveness and exclude the recurrence of the primary disease following photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck during the period of scar changes formation. The ultrasound images obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months following photodynamic therapy revealed various changes in the skin and adjacent soft tissues, depending on the extent of scar formation. These changes exhibited unique characteristics and were influenced by numerous factors.

Conclusions. Ultrasound diagnostics has been proven to be a reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective research method. It provides a means to assess the degree of reparative changes in the skin following treatment and to rule out the possibility of disease recurrence.

Artificial intelligence and clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are being actively implemented in healthcare. Radiology is at the forefront of the use of such technologies. In this article, we describe a method for evaluating the performance of CDSS, including software based on artificial intelligence technologies (AI-based software), which is suitable for any medical organization that needs to assess the applicability of such software.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the use of a web-based ROC analysis tool for evaluating the performance of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) using digital mammography images as an example.

Materials and methods: A retrospective dataset of mammography studies was used, based on the results of the calibration test report during the version change of one of the AI service participating in the Experiment on the use of innovative computer vision technologies for medical image analysis and subsequent applicability in the healthcare system of Moscow, with versions of the AI service dated 15.02.2023 and 30.05.2023. The sample size consisted of 100 trials. In this publication, ROC analysis implemented using a web-based tool will be used to evaluate the results of the AI service.

Results: The functionality of a web-based tool for ROC analysis was demonstrated using the example of evaluating the performance of AI-based software for processing digital mammography images.

Conclusion: By using the presented web-based ROC analysis tool, the verification of СDSS, including AI-based software, as well as the assessment of its performance, can be performed without the need for additional tools if necessary.

Purpose of the study: to analyze the data of domestic and foreign literature on the use of computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) in the diagnosis of kidney diseases, including patients with benign and malignant kidney tumors. To evaluate the prospects of using this technique to determine the effectiveness of various minimally invasive interventions (cryotherapy, various types of thermoablation, arterial embolization) for the treatment of patients with renal tumors, as well as for follow-up of patients in these groups.

Material and methods. A search of scientific papers published in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, E-library using the key words “angiomyolipoma”, “kidney”, “transarterial embolization of tumors”, “CT-perfusion of the kidneys” was carried out. In the article the materials of 40 literature sources for the last 10 years, including 25 articles - for the last 5 years, devoted to the mentioned subject are considered. The authors present their own clinical cases demonstrating the CTP application usefulness to assess the therapeutic effect of renal angiomyolipomas (rAML) transarterial embolization (TAE).

Results. The conducted literature review showed that renal CTP is a noninvasive technique that allows differential diagnostics between benign tumors (low-fat rAML and oncocytoma), as well as with malignant renal neoplasms, to reveal features of different histological variants of renal cell cancer. In addition, there are works devoted to the application of CTP in the evaluation of the efficacy of minimally invasive techniques such as cryoablation, TAE (in the treatment of renal cell cancer (RCC) and rAML, respectively), as well as target therapy for RCC. According to the preliminary results of our clinical cases, the main CTP parameters allowed to detail the structure of rAML (before and after TAE), blood flow features of its microcirculatory level and to detect recurrence on the basis of progressive growth of perfusion values with simultaneous reduction of tumor volume, which demonstrates the possibilities of using CTP as an additional monitoring technic after surgical treatment.

Conclusion. Despite the availability of papers analyzing the use of CTP as a technique to assess renal tumor angiogenesis, many gaps remain in its use as a clinical potential in the evaluation of early and subsequent follow-up in the cases of renal tumors surgical treatment. To date, there is no evident and thoroughly validated imaging method for embolized tumors. There are no works on studying the possibilities of CTP in assessing the therapeutic effect of rAML embolization. The results of our own clinical cases allowed us to suggest that CTP can be used as an additional technique for monitoring rAML after surgical treatment such as TAE and detecting disease recurrence by assessing tumor neoangiogenesis.