Фокусированная эхокардиография

Введение. Кроме стационарной трансторакальной эхокардиографии (TTE), которая проводится по развернутому протоколу, существует фокусированная эхокардиография (FOCUS). Этот метод является дополнением физикальной оценки сердечной деятельности для поиска признаков либо подтверждения потенциального диагноза в конкретных клинических ситуациях. Часто при этом используются портативные и карманные устройства для визуализации. Диагностическое значение метода FOCUS в условиях отечественного здравоохранения изучено недостаточно, что делает весьма актуальным объективный анализ мирового опыта его применения.

Цель исследования: изучить эффективность применения FOCUS с помощью карманных визуализирующих устройств в кардиологической практике.

Материал и методы. Проанализированы 46 научных англоязычных публикаций, текст и библиография которых доступны в поисковой системе PubMed за период 2010 – 2018 гг. Использование метода подвергнуто критическому анализу в соответствии с различными областями его применения.

Результаты. Многие структуры и функции левого желудочка можно оценить при помощи FOCUS, не прибегая к методу TTE, либо использовать последний для верификации позже. Метод обладает высокой диагностической эффективностью в оценке кинеза миокарда у пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом. Своевременное определение размера и функции правого желудочка может иметь решающее значение при клиническом подозрении на легочную эмболию. Использовать FOCUS необходимо в качестве скринингового метода диагностики для раннего выявления клапанного поражения при ревматической болезни сердца.

Заключение. Метод фокусированной ЭхоКГ является высокоинформативным при различной сердечной патологии. Ему легко обучить в короткие сроки. Результаты FOCUS хорошо коррелируют с результа тами TTE.

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