Перспективы применения двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии в диагностике мочекаменной болезни и определении химического состава мочевых камней (обзор литературы)

Мочекаменная болезнь – пандемически распространенное заболевание, встречающееся у 4–20% мирового населения и характеризующееся высоким уровнем рецидивов. К настоящему моменту “золотым стандартом” диагностики уролитиаза является бесконтрастная компьютерная томография, имеющая высокую эффективность в диагностики наличия, локализации и размера камней, однако обладающую меньшей эффективностью в определении фенотипических характеристик уролитов. Активно развивающийся в последнее время метод двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии, заключающийся в проведении сканирования на двух энергетических уровнях, уже показал высокую эффективность в диагностике состава уролитов. В обзоре рассматриваются основы метода и техники его проведения на различных томографах, приводится анализ имеющихся литературных данных о применении двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии в диагностике мочекаменной болезни для оценки химического состава уролитов. Также приводятся ограничения метода и возможные ошибки, возникающие при проведении двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии. С учетом проанализированных данных оценивается перспективность внедрения метода в диагностику уролитиаза.

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