Неинвазивное измерение метаболизма кислорода. Часть 1: исторический обзор и современное состояние

Метаболизм кислорода является ключевым фактором жизни живого организма. Статья является первой частью обзора методов измерения метаболизма кислорода.

Цель исследования: дать представление об истории развития методов измерения метаболизма кислорода, перехода от глобального измерения перфузии головного мозга к локальному, описать роль изотопа ¹⁵O как основы “золотого стандарта” измерения метаболизма кислорода с помощью позитронно-эмиссионной томографии (ПЭТ), а также привести примеры использования методики.

Материал и методы. Проанализировано более 200 работ из базы научных публикаций Pubmed по ключевым словам “positron emission tomography + O-15”, также изучались релевантные ссылки в данных публикациях, не содержащих указанных ключевых слов либо содержащих их в иной формулировке. Приведен пример измерения перфузии опухоли головного мозга методом КТ-перфузии, МР-ASL и ПЭТ с H₂¹⁵O из собственной практики.

Результаты. Для иллюстрации эволюции методов измерения перфузии и метаболизма кислорода процитированы 57 работ, описывающих ключевые достижения в технологиях измерения. Приведены примеры использования ПЭТ с H₂¹⁵O в фундаментальных исследованиях и клинической практике.

Заключение. Очевидная ценность данных, полученных ПЭТ с изотопом кислорода, сочетается с инвазивностью (в некоторых случаях), технической сложностью и высокой стоимостью процедуры. Вторая часть обзора будет посвящена альтернативным методам измерения метаболизма кислорода, которые развиваются в XXI веке и которые предназначены для широкого клинического применения.

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