<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНТРАСТНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONTRAST MEDIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультразвуковое исследование с контрастным усилением в дифференциальной диагностике образований поджелудочной железы. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound for the Differentiation of Pancreatic Lesions. Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ветшева</surname><given-names>Наталия Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetsheva</surname><given-names>Natalya Nikolaevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">n.vetsheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимина</surname><given-names>Ирина Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timina</surname><given-names>Irina Evgenievna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ “Институт хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского” Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ “Институт хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского” Минздрава России; ГБОУ ВПО “Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова” Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ветшева Н.Н., Тимина И.Е., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ветшева Н.Н., Тимина И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vetsheva N.N., Timina I.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/190">https://medvis.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/190</self-uri><abstract><p>Роль УЗИ как неивазивного метода первичной оценки состояния поджелудочной железы уже хорошо известна. Появление ультразвуковых контрастных средств позволило значительно повысить возможности методики в выявлении и дифференциальной диагностике заболеваний поджелудочной железы. Анализ литературы за последние 20 лет показал преимущества и недостатки различных ультразвуковых методик в оценке очаговых изменений поджелудочной железы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The role of ultrasound is well-known to be the noninvasive imaging modality chosen for the first evaluation of the pancreas. The advent of ultrasound contrast agents has raised the possibility of techniques to identify and differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. Analysis of the literature over the past 20 years has shown the advantages and disadvantages of various ultrasound in the evaluation of focal lesions of the pancreas.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd><kwd>контраст</kwd><kwd>поджелудочная железа</kwd><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>contrast</kwd><kwd>pancreas</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Onofrio M., Biagioli E., Gerardi C. et al. Diagnostic Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasound (ECEUS) for the Differentiation of Pancreatic Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ultraschall Med. 2014; 35: 515-521.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Onofrio M., Biagioli E., Gerardi C. et al. Diagnostic Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasound (ECEUS) for the Differentiation of Pancreatic Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ultraschall Med. 2014; 35: 515-521.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kitano M., Sakamoto H., Kudo M. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound. Dig. Endosc. 2014; 26, Suppl. 1. 79-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitano M., Sakamoto H., Kudo M. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound. Dig. Endosc. 2014; 26, Suppl. 1. 79-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bang J.Y., Varadarajulu Sh. Neoplasia in Chronic Pancreatitis: How to Maximize the Yield of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration. Clin. Endosc. 2014; 47: 420-424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bang J.Y., Varadarajulu Sh. Neoplasia in Chronic Pancreatitis: How to Maximize the Yield of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration. Clin. Endosc. 2014; 47: 420-424.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomiyama T., Tano S., Ueno N. et al. Contrast enhancend color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of pancreatic tumor, two case reports. J. Ultrasound Med. 1996; 15 (7): 1024-1029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomiyama T., Tano S., Ueno N. et al. Contrast enhancend color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of pancreatic tumor, two case reports. J. Ultrasound Med. 1996; 15 (7): 1024-1029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черешнева Ю.Н., Митьков В.В. Контрастные вещества в ультразвуковой диагностике (обзор литературы). Ультразвуковая диагностика. 1999; 2: 88-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Черешнева Ю.Н., Митьков В.В. Контрастные вещества в ультразвуковой диагностике (обзор литературы). Ультразвуковая диагностика. 1999; 2: 88-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwarz K.Q., Chen X., Steinmetz S. et al. Harmonic Imaging with Levovist. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 1997; 10 (1): 1-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwarz K.Q., Chen X., Steinmetz S. et al. Harmonic Imaging with Levovist. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 1997; 10 (1): 1-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубарев А.В. Трехмерная и эхоконтрастная ангиография. Медицинская визуализация. 1997; 4: 3-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зубарев А.В. Трехмерная и эхоконтрастная ангиография. Медицинская визуализация. 1997; 4: 3-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hosten N., Steger W., Bechstein W.O. et al. Vascularization patterns in focal liver lesion comparison of plain and signal-enhancement after intravenous injection of the ultrasound contrast agent Levovist. J. Clin. Ultrasound. 1996; 1 (24) : 31-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hosten N., Steger W., Bechstein W.O. et al. Vascularization patterns in focal liver lesion comparison of plain and signal-enhancement after intravenous injection of the ultrasound contrast agent Levovist. J. Clin. Ultrasound. 1996; 1 (24) : 31-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Камалов Ю.Р., Сандриков В.А., Гаврилов А.В. Использование ультразвукового контраста Levovist при обследовании больных c опухолями печени, портальной гипертензией и при ортотопической трансплантации печени. Клиническая физиология. Диагностика - новые методы; Под. ред. Сандрикова В.А. М.: Аир-Арт, 1998. 144-149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Камалов Ю.Р., Сандриков В.А., Гаврилов А.В. Использование ультразвукового контраста Levovist при обследовании больных c опухолями печени, портальной гипертензией и при ортотопической трансплантации печени. Клиническая физиология. Диагностика - новые методы; Под. ред. Сандрикова В.А. М.: Аир-Арт, 1998. 144-149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щербакова С.В., Кунцевич Г.И., Чебышева Э.Н. и др. Оценка результатов исследования кровотока у больных хронических панкреатитом и раком поджелудочной железы с помощью Левовиста. Клиническая физиология. Диагностика - новые методы; Под. ред. Сандрикова В.А. М.: Аир-Арт, 1998. 149-150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Щербакова С.В., Кунцевич Г.И., Чебышева Э.Н. и др. Оценка результатов исследования кровотока у больных хронических панкреатитом и раком поджелудочной железы с помощью Левовиста. Клиническая физиология. Диагностика - новые методы; Под. ред. Сандрикова В.А. М.: Аир-Арт, 1998. 149-150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishii M., Kawauchi A., Sakamoto M. et al. Evaluation of blood inside hepatic tumors using color Doppler echography with galactose-based intravenous contrast medium SH U 508 A administration. Nippon Rinsho. 1998; 4 (56) : 975-979.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishii M., Kawauchi A., Sakamoto M. et al. Evaluation of blood inside hepatic tumors using color Doppler echography with galactose-based intravenous contrast medium SH U 508 A administration. Nippon Rinsho. 1998; 4 (56) : 975-979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greis C. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in General Imaging. Springer-Verlag, 2005. 43 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greis C. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in General Imaging. Springer-Verlag, 2005. 43 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piscaglia F. The safety of Sonovue in abdominal applications: retrospective analysis of 23188 investigations. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2006; 32: 1369-1375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piscaglia F. The safety of Sonovue in abdominal applications: retrospective analysis of 23188 investigations. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2006; 32: 1369-1375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фомина С.В., Завадовская В.Д., Юсубов М.С. и др. Контрастные препараты для ультразвукового исследования. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2011; 6: 137-142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Фомина С.В., Завадовская В.Д., Юсубов М.С. и др. Контрастные препараты для ультразвукового исследования. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2011; 6: 137-142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seidel G., Meyer K. Impact of ultrasound contrast agents in cerebrovascular diagnostics. Eur. J. Ultrasound. 2002; 16 (1-2): 81-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seidel G., Meyer K. Impact of ultrasound contrast agents in cerebrovascular diagnostics. Eur. J. Ultrasound. 2002; 16 (1-2): 81-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков Н.Е. Контрастно-усиленные ультразвуковые исследования. История развития и современные возможности. REJR. 2012; 2 (1): 20-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Новиков Н.Е. Контрастно-усиленные ультразвуковые исследования. История развития и современные возможности. REJR. 2012; 2 (1): 20-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosgrove D.O. Ultrasound contrast agent. In: Meire H., Cosgrove D.O., Dewbury K., Farrant P. (Eds.) Clinikal ultrasound - a comprehensive text. Abdominal and general ultrasound. Churchill Livingstone. 2001. 67-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosgrove D.O. Ultrasound contrast agent. In: Meire H., Cosgrove D.O., Dewbury K., Farrant P. (Eds.) Clinikal ultrasound - a comprehensive text. Abdominal and general ultrasound. Churchill Livingstone. 2001. 67-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lampaskis M., Averkiou M. Investigation of the relationship of nonlinear backscattered ultrasound intensity with microbubble concentration at low MI. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2012; 36 (2): 306-312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lampaskis M., Averkiou M. Investigation of the relationship of nonlinear backscattered ultrasound intensity with microbubble concentration at low MI. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2012; 36 (2): 306-312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gheonea D., Streba C., Ciurea T., Saftoiu A. Quantitative low mechanical index contrastenhanced endoscopic ultrasound for the differential diagnosis of chronic pseudotumoral pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. BMC Gastroenterology. 2013; 13: 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gheonea D., Streba C., Ciurea T., Saftoiu A. Quantitative low mechanical index contrastenhanced endoscopic ultrasound for the differential diagnosis of chronic pseudotumoral pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. BMC Gastroenterology. 2013; 13: 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dietrich C.F., Braden B., Hocke M. et al. Improved characterisation of solitary solid pancreatic tumours using contrast enhanced transabdominal ultrasound. J. Cancer. Res. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 134: 635-643.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietrich C.F., Braden B., Hocke M. et al. Improved characterisation of solitary solid pancreatic tumours using contrast enhanced transabdominal ultrasound. J. Cancer. Res. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 134: 635-643.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Averkiou M., Powers J., Skyba D. et al. Ultrasound contrast imaging research. Ultrasound Q. 2003; 19: 27-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Averkiou M., Powers J., Skyba D. et al. Ultrasound contrast imaging research. Ultrasound Q. 2003; 19: 27-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claudon M., Cosgrove D., Albrecht T. et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) - Update 2008. Ultraschall Med. 2008; 29: 28-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claudon M., Cosgrove D., Albrecht T. et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) - Update 2008. Ultraschall Med. 2008; 29: 28-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piscaglia F., Nolsoe C., Dietrich C.F. et al. The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Practice of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS): update 2011 on non-hepatic applications. Ultraschall Med. 2012; 33: 33-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piscaglia F., Nolsoe C., Dietrich C.F. et al. The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Practice of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS): update 2011 on non-hepatic applications. Ultraschall Med. 2012; 33: 33-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Onofrio M., Zamboni G., Tognolini A. et al. Mass-forming pancreatitis: value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Wld J. Gastroenterol. 2006; 12: 41814184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Onofrio M., Zamboni G., Tognolini A. et al. Mass-forming pancreatitis: value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Wld J. Gastroenterol. 2006; 12: 41814184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kersting S., Konopke R., Kersting F. et al. Quantitative perfusion analysis of transabdominal contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of pancreatic masses and carcinomas. Gastroenterology. 2009; 137: 1903-1911.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kersting S., Konopke R., Kersting F. et al. Quantitative perfusion analysis of transabdominal contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of pancreatic masses and carcinomas. Gastroenterology. 2009; 137: 1903-1911.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Onofrio M., Mansueto G., Falconi M. et al. Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor: value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography. Abdom. Imaging. 2004; 29: 246-258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Onofrio M., Mansueto G., Falconi M. et al. Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor: value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography. Abdom. Imaging. 2004; 29: 246-258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malago R., D’Onofrio M., Zamboni G.A. et al. Contrast-enhanced sonography of nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2009; 192: 424-430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malago R., D’Onofrio M., Zamboni G.A. et al. Contrast-enhanced sonography of nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2009; 192: 424-430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Onofrio M., Barbi E., Dietrich C.F. Pancreatic multicenter ultrasound study (PAMUS). Eur. J. Radiol. 2012; 81(4): 630-638.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Onofrio M., Barbi E., Dietrich C.F. Pancreatic multicenter ultrasound study (PAMUS). Eur. J. Radiol. 2012; 81(4): 630-638.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Itoh T., Hirooka Y., Itoh A. et al. Usefulness of contrast-enhanced transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2005; 100: 144-152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Itoh T., Hirooka Y., Itoh A. et al. Usefulness of contrast-enhanced transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2005; 100: 144-152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Onofrio M., Megibow A.J., Faccioli N. et al. Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007; 189: 1435-1442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Onofrio M., Megibow A.J., Faccioli N. et al. Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007; 189: 1435-1442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rickes S., Wermke W. Differentiation of cystic pancreatic neoplasms and pseudocysts by conventional and echo-enhanced ultrasound. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2004; 19: 761-766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rickes S., Wermke W. Differentiation of cystic pancreatic neoplasms and pseudocysts by conventional and echo-enhanced ultrasound. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2004; 19: 761-766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borbath I. Endoscopic ultrasound's best-of in 2009: TOP 5 of the scientific literature. Acta Endoscopica. 2010; 40: 132-137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borbath I. Endoscopic ultrasound's best-of in 2009: TOP 5 of the scientific literature. Acta Endoscopica. 2010; 40: 132-137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fusaroli P., Kypraios D., Caletti G. et al. Pancreatico-biliary endoscopic ultrasound: a systematic review of the levels of evidence, performance and outcomes. Wld J. Gastroenterol. 2012; 18: 4243-4256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fusaroli P., Kypraios D., Caletti G. et al. Pancreatico-biliary endoscopic ultrasound: a systematic review of the levels of evidence, performance and outcomes. Wld J. Gastroenterol. 2012; 18: 4243-4256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D'Onofrio M., Malago R., Zamboni G. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography better identifies pancreatic tumor vascularization than helical CT. Pancreatology. 2005; 5: 398-402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D'Onofrio M., Malago R., Zamboni G. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography better identifies pancreatic tumor vascularization than helical CT. Pancreatology. 2005; 5: 398-402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dietrich C.F., Ignee A., Braden B. et al. Improved differentiation of pancreatic tumors using contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2008; 6: 590-597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietrich C.F., Ignee A., Braden B. et al. Improved differentiation of pancreatic tumors using contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2008; 6: 590-597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Onofrio M., Gallotti A., Pozzi Mucelli R. Imaging techniques in pancreatic tumors. Expert Rev. Med. Devices. 2010; 7: 257-273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Onofrio M., Gallotti A., Pozzi Mucelli R. Imaging techniques in pancreatic tumors. Expert Rev. Med. Devices. 2010; 7: 257-273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ripolles T., Martinez M.J., Lopez E. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the staging of acute pancreatitis. Eur. Radiol. 2010; 20: 2518-2523.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ripolles T., Martinez M.J., Lopez E. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the staging of acute pancreatitis. Eur. Radiol. 2010; 20: 2518-2523.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobayashi A., Yamaguchi T., Ishihara T. et al. Evaluation of vascular signal in pancreatic ductal carcinoma using contrast enhanced ultrasonography: effect of systemic chemotherapy. Gut. 2005; 54: 1047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobayashi A., Yamaguchi T., Ishihara T. et al. Evaluation of vascular signal in pancreatic ductal carcinoma using contrast enhanced ultrasonography: effect of systemic chemotherapy. Gut. 2005; 54: 1047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tawada K., Yamaguchi T., Kobayashi A. et al. Changes in tumor vascularity depicted by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography as a predictor of chemotherapeutic effect in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 2009; 38: 30-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tawada K., Yamaguchi T., Kobayashi A. et al. Changes in tumor vascularity depicted by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography as a predictor of chemotherapeutic effect in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 2009; 38: 30-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vicente E., Quijano Y., Ielpo B. et al. Is arterial infiltration still a criterion for unresectability in pancreatic adenocarcinoma? Cir. Esp. 2014; 92 (5): 305-315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vicente E., Quijano Y., Ielpo B. et al. Is arterial infiltration still a criterion for unresectability in pancreatic adenocarcinoma? Cir. Esp. 2014; 92 (5): 305-315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beyer-Enke St., Hocke M., Ignee A. et al. Contrast Enhanced Transabdominal Ultrasound in the Characterisation of Pancreatic Lesions with Cystic Appearance. J. Pancreas. 2010; 11 (5): 427-433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beyer-Enke St., Hocke M., Ignee A. et al. Contrast Enhanced Transabdominal Ultrasound in the Characterisation of Pancreatic Lesions with Cystic Appearance. J. Pancreas. 2010; 11 (5): 427-433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grossjohann H.S. сontrast-enhancend ultrasound for diagnosing, standing and assessment of operability of pancreatic cancer. Dan. Med. J. 2012; 59 (12): B4536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grossjohann H.S. сontrast-enhancend ultrasound for diagnosing, standing and assessment of operability of pancreatic cancer. Dan. Med. J. 2012; 59 (12): B4536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faccioli N., D’Onofrio M., Malago R. et al. Resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: depiction of tumoral margins at contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Pancreas. 2008; 37: 265-268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faccioli N., D’Onofrio M., Malago R. et al. Resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: depiction of tumoral margins at contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Pancreas. 2008; 37: 265-268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ang T.L., Teo E.K., Ang D. et al. A pilot study of contrast harmonic endosonography using DEFINITYtm in the evaluation of suspected pancreatic and peri-ampullary malignancies. J. Interv. Gastroenterol. 2011; 1 (4): 160-165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ang T.L., Teo E.K., Ang D. et al. A pilot study of contrast harmonic endosonography using DEFINITYtm in the evaluation of suspected pancreatic and peri-ampullary malignancies. J. Interv. Gastroenterol. 2011; 1 (4): 160-165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kersting St., Roth J., Bunk A. Transabdominal Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatology. 2011; 11 (Suppl. 2): 20-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kersting St., Roth J., Bunk A. Transabdominal Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatology. 2011; 11 (Suppl. 2): 20-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кармазановский Г.Г., Кригер А.Г., Ветшева Н.Н. и др. Метастазы почечно-клеточного рака в поджелудочную железу (обзор литературы и клинический пример). Медицинская визуализация. 2012;4: 49-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кармазановский Г.Г., Кригер А.Г., Ветшева Н.Н. и др. Метастазы почечно-клеточного рака в поджелудочную железу (обзор литературы и клинический пример). Медицинская визуализация. 2012;4: 49-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saftoiu A., Iordache S.A., Gheonea D.I. et al. Combined contrast-enhanced power Doppler and real-time sonoelastography performed during EUS, used in the differential diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses (with videos). Gastrointest. Endosc. 2010; 72 (4): 739-747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saftoiu A., Iordache S.A., Gheonea D.I. et al. Combined contrast-enhanced power Doppler and real-time sonoelastography performed during EUS, used in the differential diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses (with videos). Gastrointest. Endosc. 2010; 72 (4): 739-747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
