medvisМедицинская визуализацияMedical Visualization1607-07632408-9516RDS-Media Ltd.10.24835/1607-0763-1462medvis-1462Research ArticleТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЛУЧЕВОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИRADIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIESДиагностическая визуализация при олигометастатической болезни. Общие вопросы (краткий обзор литературы)Diagnostic imaging for oligo metastatic disease. General questions (a brief review of the literature)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-0468НудновН. В.NudnovN. V.

Нуднов Николай Васильевич – доктор мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, заведующий научно-иссле­довательским отделом комплексной диагностики заболеваний и радиотерапии ФГБУ “Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии” Минздрава России; профессор кафедры рентгенологии и радиологии ФГБОУ ДПО “Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования” Минздрава России; заместитель директора по научной работе, профессор кафедры онкологии и рентгенорадиологии ФГАОУ ВО “Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы” Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, Москва. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-0468. E-mail: mailbox@rncrr.rssi.ru

Nikolay V. Nudnov – Doct. of Sci. (Med.),  Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific Work, Head of the Research Department for Complex Diagnostics of Diseases and Radiotherapy, Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; Professor, Department of Roentgenoradiology and Radiology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; Professor, Department of Oncology and Radiology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-0468E-mail: mailbox@rncrr.rssi.ru

nudnov@rncrr.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-6358ПаньшинГ. А.PanshinG. A.

Паньшин Георгий Александрович – доктор мед. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории лучевой терапии и комплексных методов лечения онкологических заболеваний ФГБУ “Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии” Минздрава России, Москва.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-6358. E-mail: g.a.panshin@mail.ru

Georgy A. Panshin – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Radiation Therapy and Integrated Methods of Treatment of Cancer Diseases, Research Department of Integrated Disease Diagnostics and Radiotherapy, Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-6358. E-mail: g.a.panshin@mail.ru

g.a.panshin@mail.ruФГБУ “Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии” Минздрава России; 117997 Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 86, Российская Федерация; ФГБОУ ДПО “Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования” Минздрава России; 125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Российская Федерация; ФГАОУ ВО “Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы” Минобрнауки России; 117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, Российская ФедерацияРоссияRussian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; 86, Profsoyusnaya str., Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; 2/1-1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow 125993, Russian Federation; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; 6, Miklukho-Maklay str., Moscow 117198, Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБУ “Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии” Минздрава России; 117997 Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 86, Российская ФедерацияРоссияRussian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; 86, Profsoyusnaya str., Moscow 117997, Russian FederationRussian Federation202403112024284142153Copyright © Нуднов Н.В., Паньшин Г.А., 20242024Нуднов Н.В., Паньшин Г.А.Nudnov N.V., Panshin G.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medvis.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/1462Введение

Введение. Визуализация олигометастатической болезни является сложной диагностической задачей, поскольку требуется определение точной локо-регионарной стадии онкологического заболевания и оценки состояния всего тела пациента в плане возможного выявления полиметастатического состояния в виде обнаружения диссеминированных метастазов. Учитывая данное обстоятельство, довольно часто требуется сочетание методов визуализации.

 

 

Цель исследования

Цель исследования: проанализировать возможности современных методов диагностической визуализации при олигометастической болезни и определить дальнейшие направления их развития.

Заключение

Заключение. Диагностическая визуализация крайне важна при реализации стандартных методов современного противоопухолевого лечения (оценка ответа на проведенное специальное лечение солидных опухолей с помощью компьютерной томографии, магнитно-резонансной томографии и сцинтиграфии костей), а также расширенных методов визуализации (функциональных, метаболических и радионуклидное таргетирование) для выявления и динамического наблюдения за пациентами с олигометастатической болезнью.

Brief Summary

Brief Summary. Visualization of oligometastatic disease (OMD) is a complex diagnostic task, since it requires determining the exact loco-regional stage of cancer and assessing the condition of the patient's entire body in terms of possible detection of polymetastatic condition in the form of detection of disseminated metastases. Given this circumstance, quite often a combination of visualization methods is required.

Purpose of the study

Purpose of the study: to analyze the possibilities of modern diagnostic imaging methods for oligo metastatic disease and determine the further directions of their development.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Diagnostic imaging is extremely important in the implementation of standard methods of modern antitumor treatment (assessment of the response to special treatment of solid tumors using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy), as well as advanced imaging methods (functional, metabolic and radionuclide targeting) to identify and dynamically monitor patients with oligometastatic disease.

олигометастическая болезньдиагностическая визуализациябудущие направления развитияoligometastatic diseasediagnostic imagingfuture directions of developmentReferencesПаньшин Г.А. Роль дистанционной стереотаксической абляционной радиотерапии тела при олигометастатической болезни (общие вопросы). Вопросы онкологии. 2023; 69 (4): 599–604. https://doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2023-69-4-599-604Panshin G.A. The Role of Remote Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Oligometastatic Disease (General Issues). Voprosy Onkologii. 2023; 69 (4): 599–604. https://doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2023-69-4-599-604 (In Russian)Джабаров Ф.Р., Альникин А.Б., Толмачев В.Г. Олигометастатический рак предстательной железы: диагностика и предварительные результаты лучевого лечения. Вестник урологии. 2020; 8 (2): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.21886/2308-6424-2020-8-2-55-66Dzhabarov F.R., Alnikin A.B., Tolmachev V.G. Oligometastatic prostate cancer: diagnosis and preliminary results of radiation therapy. Urology Herald. 2020; 8 (2): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.21886/2308-6424-2020-8-2-55-66 (In Russian)Salama J.K., Hasselle M.D., Chmura S.J. et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for multisite extracranial oligometastases. Cancer. 2012; 118: 2962–2970. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.26611Salama J.K., Hasselle M.D., Chmura S.J. et al. Stereotactic body radiotherapy for multisite extracranial oligometastases. Cancer. 2012; 118: 2962–2970. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.26611Rini B.I., Dorff T.B., Elson P. et al. Active surveillance in metastatic renalcell carcinoma: A prospective, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016; 17: 1317–1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30196-6Rini B.I., Dorff T.B., Elson P. et al. Active surveillance in metastatic renalcell carcinoma: A prospective, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016; 17: 1317–1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30196-6Hellman S., Weichselbaum R.R. Oligometastases. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 1995; 13: 8–10. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.1.8Hellman S., Weichselbaum R.R. Oligometastases. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 1995; 13: 8–10. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.1.8De Ruysscher D., Wanders R., van Baardwijk A. et al. Radical treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer patients with synchronous oligometastases: long-term results of a prospective phase II trial (Nct01282450). J. Thorac. Oncol. 2012; 7 (10): 1547–1555. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e318262caf6De Ruysscher D., Wanders R., van Baardwijk A. et al. Radical treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer patients with synchronous oligometastases: long-term results of a prospective phase II trial (Nct01282450). J. Thorac. Oncol. 2012; 7 (10): 1547–1555. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e318262caf6Andrews D.W., Scott C.B., Sperduto P.W. et al. Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet. 2004; 363 (9422): 1665–1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16250-8Andrews D.W., Scott C.B., Sperduto P.W. et al. Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet. 2004; 363 (9422): 1665–1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16250-8Guckenberger M., Lievens Y., Bouma A.B. et al. Characterisation and classification of oligometastatic disease: a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendation. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21 (1): e18–e28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30718-1Guckenberger M., Lievens Y., Bouma A.B. et al. Characterisation and classification of oligometastatic disease: a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendation. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21 (1): e18–e28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30718-1Алексеев Б.Я., Нюшко К.М., Крашенинников А.А., Сафронова Е.Ю., Сергиенко С.А., Калпинский А.С., Воробьев Н.В., Каприн А.Д. Методы диагностики и лечения олигометастазов у больных раком предстательной железы с прогрессированием заболевания после проведенного радикального лечения. Онкоурология. 2016; 12 (2): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2016-12-2-64-73Alekseev B.Ya., Nyushko K.M., Krasheninnikov A.A. et al. Methods for the diagnosis and treatment of oligometastases in patients with prostate cancer and progressive disease after radical treatment. Cancer Urology. 2016; 12 (2): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2016-12-2-64-73 (In Russian)Гомболевский В.А., Харламов К.А., Масри А.Г., Ким С.Ю., Морозов С.П. Общие рекомендации по описанию первичных и повторных КТ, МРТ, рентгенологических исследований / Cерия “Лучшие практики лучевой и инструментальной диагностики”. Вып. 2. М., 2017. 20 с.Gombolevsky V.A., Kharlamov K.A., Masri A.G. et al. General recommendations for the description of primary and repeated CT, MRI, and X-ray studies / Series “Best Practices in Radiation and Instrumental Diagnostics”. Issue 2. Moscow, 2027. 20 p. (In Russian)deSouza N.M., Liu Y., Chiti A. et al. Strategies and technical challenges for imaging oligometastatic disease: Recommendations from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer imaging group. Eur. J. Cancer. 2018; 91: 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2017.12.012deSouza N.M., Liu Y., Chiti A. et al. Strategies and technical challenges for imaging oligometastatic disease: Recommendations from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer imaging group. Eur. J. Cancer. 2018; 91: 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2017.12.012Ruf J., Schiefer J., Furth C. et al. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT of neuroendocrine tumors: Spotlight on the CT phases of a triple-phase protocol. J. Nucl. Med. 2011; 52: 697–704. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.083741Ruf J., Schiefer J., Furth C. et al. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT of neuroendocrine tumors: Spotlight on the CT phases of a triple-phase protocol. J. Nucl. Med. 2011; 52: 697–704. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.083741Park H.J., Kim H.J., Kim K.W. et al: Comparison between neuroendocrine carcinomas and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas using dynamic enhanced CT. Eur. Radiol. 2020; 30: 4772–4782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06867-wPark H.J., Kim H.J., Kim K.W. et al: Comparison between neuroendocrine carcinomas and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas using dynamic enhanced CT. Eur. Radiol. 2020; 30: 4772–4782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06867-wHowe J.R., Cardona K., Fraker D.L. et al. The surgical management of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: Consensus guidelines of the North American neuroendocrine tumor society. Pancreas. 2017; 46: 715–731. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000000846Howe J.R., Cardona K., Fraker D.L. et al. The surgical management of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: Consensus guidelines of the North American neuroendocrine tumor society. Pancreas. 2017; 46: 715–731. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000000846Sundin A. Radiological and nuclear medicine imaging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2012; 26: 803–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2012.12.004Sundin A. Radiological and nuclear medicine imaging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2012; 26: 803–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2012.12.004Raptopoulos V.D., Blake S.P., Weisinger K. Multiphase contrastenhanced helical CT of liver metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Eur. Radiol. 2001; 11: 2504–2509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300100853Raptopoulos V.D., Blake S.P., Weisinger K. Multiphase contrastenhanced helical CT of liver metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Eur. Radiol. 2001; 11: 2504–2509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300100853O'Sullivan G.J., Carty F.L., Cronin C.G. Imaging of bone metastasis: An update. Wld J. Radiol. 2015; 7: 202–211. https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v7.i8.202O'Sullivan G.J., Carty F.L., Cronin C.G. Imaging of bone metastasis: An update. Wld J. Radiol. 2015; 7: 202–211. https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v7.i8.202Talbot J.N., Paycha F., Balogova S. Diagnosis of bone metastasis: Recent comparative studies of imaging modalities. Q. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2011; 55: 374–410. PMID: 21738113Talbot J.N., Paycha F., Balogova S. Diagnosis of bone metastasis: Recent comparative studies of imaging modalities. Q. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2011; 55: 374–410. PMID: 21738113Yang H.-L., Liu T., Wang X.-M. Diagnosis of bone metastases: A metaanalysis comparing 18FDG PET, CT, MRI and bone scintigraphy. Eur. Radiol. 2011; 21: 2604–2617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-011-2221-4Yang H.-L., Liu T., Wang X.-M. Diagnosis of bone metastases: A metaanalysis comparing 18FDG PET, CT, MRI and bone scintigraphy. Eur. Radiol. 2011; 21: 2604–2617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-011-2221-4O'Sullivan G.J., Carty F.L., Cronin C.G. Imaging of bone metastasis: An update. Wld J. Radiol. 2015; 7 (8): 202–211. https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v7.i8.202O'Sullivan G.J., Carty F.L., Cronin C.G. Imaging of bone metastasis: An update. Wld J. Radiol. 2015; 7 (8): 202–211. https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v7.i8.202Liu B., Gao S., Li S. A Comprehensive Comparison of CT, MRI, Positron Emission Tomography or Positron Emission Tomography/CT, and Diffusion Weighted Imaging-MRI for Detecting the Lymph Nodes Metastases in Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on 67 Studies. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 2017; 82 (3): 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1159/000456006Liu B., Gao S., Li S. A Comprehensive Comparison of CT, MRI, Positron Emission Tomography or Positron Emission Tomography/CT, and Diffusion Weighted Imaging-MRI for Detecting the Lymph Nodes Metastases in Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on 67 Studies. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 2017; 82 (3): 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1159/000456006Ramalho J., Semelka R.C., Ramalho M. Gadolinium-based contrast agent accumulation and toxicity: An update. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2016; 37: 1192–1198. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4615Ramalho J., Semelka R.C., Ramalho M. Gadolinium-based contrast agent accumulation and toxicity: An update. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2016; 37: 1192–1198. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4615McDonald R.J., Levine D., Weinreb J. et al. Gadolinium retention: A research roadmap from the 2018 NIH/ACR/RSNA workshop on gadolinium chelates. Radiology. 2018; 289: 517–534.McDonald R.J., Levine D., Weinreb J. et al. Gadolinium retention: A research roadmap from the 2018 NIH/ACR/RSNA workshop on gadolinium chelates. Radiology. 2018; 289: 517–534.Padhani A.R., Liu G., Koh D.M. et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a cancer biomarker: Consensus and recommendations. Neoplasia. 2009; 11: 102–125. https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.81328Padhani A.R., Liu G., Koh D.M. et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a cancer biomarker: Consensus and recommendations. Neoplasia. 2009; 11: 102–125. https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.81328Tsao J. Ultrafast imaging: principles, pitfalls, solutions, and applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2010; 32: 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22239Tsao J. Ultrafast imaging: principles, pitfalls, solutions, and applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2010; 32: 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22239Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology-Brain Metastases / Lo S.S., Gore E.M., Bradley J.D., Buatti J.M. et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® pre-irradiation evaluation and management of brain metastases. J. Palliat. Med. 2014; 17 (8): 880–886. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2014.9417Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology-Brain Metastases / Lo S.S., Gore E.M., Bradley J.D., Buatti J.M. et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® pre-irradiation evaluation and management of brain metastases. J. Palliat. Med. 2014; 17 (8): 880–886. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2014.9417Morrow M., Waters J., Morris E. MRI for breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet. 2011; 378 (9805): 1804–1811. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61350-0Morrow M., Waters J., Morris E. MRI for breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet. 2011; 378 (9805): 1804–1811. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61350-0Zwittag P., Asel C., Gabriel M. et al. MRI and PET/CT in the assessment of lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer. Sci. Rep. 2023; 13 (1): 19347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46845-yZwittag P., Asel C., Gabriel M. et al. MRI and PET/CT in the assessment of lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer. Sci. Rep. 2023; 13 (1): 19347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46845-yMizukami Y., Ueda S., Mizumoto A. et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detection of colorectal cancer lymph node metastases. Wld J. Surg. 2011; 35: 895–899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-0986-xMizukami Y., Ueda S., Mizumoto A. et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detection of colorectal cancer lymph node metastases. Wld J. Surg. 2011; 35: 895–899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-0986-xChong A., Hwang I., Ha J.M. et al. Application of bone scans for prostate cancer staging: Which guideline shows better result? Can. Urol. Assoc. J. 2014; 8 (7–8): E515–519. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2054Chong A., Hwang I., Ha J.M. et al. Application of bone scans for prostate cancer staging: Which guideline shows better result? Can. Urol. Assoc. J. 2014; 8 (7–8): E515–519. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2054Van den Wyngaert T., Strobel K., Kampen W.U. et al. Practical recommendations of EANM for bone scintigraphy. Euro. J. Nucl. Honey. Mol. Visualization. 2016; 43: 1723–1738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-016-3415-4Van den Wyngaert T., Strobel K., Kampen W.U. et al. Practical recommendations of EANM for bone scintigraphy. Euro. J. Nucl. Honey. Mol. Visualization. 2016; 43: 1723–1738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-016-3415-4Izmailov T., Ryzhkin S., Borshchev G., Boichuk S. Oligometastatic Disease (OMD): The Classification and Practical Review of Prospective Trials. Cancers. 2023, 15 (21), 5234. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215234Izmailov T., Ryzhkin S., Borshchev G., Boichuk S. Oligometastatic Disease (OMD): The Classification and Practical Review of Prospective Trials. Cancers. 2023, 15 (21), 5234. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215234Cook G.J.R., Goh V. Molecular Imaging of Bone Metastases and Their Response to Therapy. J. Nucl. Med. 2020; 61 (6): 799–806. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.119.234260Cook G.J.R., Goh V. Molecular Imaging of Bone Metastases and Their Response to Therapy. J. Nucl. Med. 2020; 61 (6): 799–806. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.119.234260Hicks R.J., Roselt P.J., Kallur K.G. et al. FAPI PET/CT: will it end the hegemony of (18)F-FDG in oncology? J. Nucl. Honey. 2021; 62: 296–302. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.256271Hicks R.J., Roselt P.J., Kallur K.G. et al. FAPI PET/CT: will it end the hegemony of (18)F-FDG in oncology? J. Nucl. Honey. 2021; 62: 296–302. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.256271Kahle J., Ceci F., Eiber M. et al. (18)F-fluciclovine PET-CT and (68)Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT in patients with early biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy: a prospective, single-center, single-arm comparative imaging study. Lancet Oncol. 2019; 20: 1286–1294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30415-2Kahle J., Ceci F., Eiber M. et al. (18)F-fluciclovine PET-CT and (68)Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT in patients with early biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy: a prospective, single-center, single-arm comparative imaging study. Lancet Oncol. 2019; 20: 1286–1294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30415-2McConathy J. 18F-Fluciclovine (FACBC) and Its Potential Use for Breast Cancer Imaging. J. Nucl. Med. 2016; 57 (9): 1329–1330. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.175489McConathy J. 18F-Fluciclovine (FACBC) and Its Potential Use for Breast Cancer Imaging. J. Nucl. Med. 2016; 57 (9): 1329–1330. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.175489Durante S., Dunet V., Gorostidi F. et al. Head and neck tumors angiogenesis imaging with 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD in comparison to 18F-FDG PET/CT: a pilot study. EJNMMI Res. 2020; 10 (1): 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-020-00638-w.Durante S., Dunet V., Gorostidi F. et al. Head and neck tumors angiogenesis imaging with 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD in comparison to 18F-FDG PET/CT: a pilot study. EJNMMI Res. 2020; 10 (1): 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-020-00638-w.Farwell M.D., Gamache R.F., Babazada H. et al. PET imaging targeting CD8 tumor-infiltrating T cells in patients with cancer: a first-in-human phase I study of (89)Zr-Df-IAB22M2C, a radiolabeled anti-CD8 mini-antibody. J. Nucl. Med. 2022; 63 (5) 720–726. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.121.262485Farwell M.D., Gamache R.F., Babazada H. et al. PET imaging targeting CD8 tumor-infiltrating T cells in patients with cancer: a first-in-human phase I study of (89)Zr-Df-IAB22M2C, a radiolabeled anti-CD8 mini-antibody. J. Nucl. Med. 2022; 63 (5) 720–726. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.121.262485Fernández M, Javaid F, Chudasama V. Advances in targeting the folate receptor in the treatment/imaging of cancers. Chem. Sci. 2017; 9 (4): 790–810. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc04004kFernández M, Javaid F, Chudasama V. Advances in targeting the folate receptor in the treatment/imaging of cancers. Chem. Sci. 2017; 9 (4): 790–810. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc04004kBoss S.D., Ametami S.M. Development of folate receptor-targeted PET radiopharmaceuticals for tumor imaging – from bench to bedside. Cancer. 2020; 12 (6): 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061508Boss S.D., Ametami S.M. Development of folate receptor-targeted PET radiopharmaceuticals for tumor imaging – from bench to bedside. Cancer. 2020; 12 (6): 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061508Gnessin S., Müller J., Burger I.A. et al. Radiation dosimetry of (18)F-AzaFol: first use of a PET tracer of the folic acid receptor in humans. EJNMMI Res. 2020; 10 (1): 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-020-00624-2Gnessin S., Müller J., Burger I.A. et al. Radiation dosimetry of (18)F-AzaFol: first use of a PET tracer of the folic acid receptor in humans. EJNMMI Res. 2020; 10 (1): 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-020-00624-2Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I. et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018; 68 (6): 394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492. Erratum in: CA Cancer J. Clin. 2020; 70 (4): 313. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I. et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018; 68 (6): 394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492. Erratum in: CA Cancer J. Clin. 2020; 70 (4): 313. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492Viale P.H. The American Cancer Society's Facts & Figures: 2020 Edition. J. Advanced Pract. Oncol. 2020; 11 (2): 135–136. https://doi.org/10.6004/jadpro.2020.11.2.1Viale P.H. The American Cancer Society's Facts & Figures: 2020 Edition. J. Advanced Pract. Oncol. 2020; 11 (2): 135–136. https://doi.org/10.6004/jadpro.2020.11.2.1

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.